What are nature-based solutions?
Green roofs to cool buildings; Mangroves to protect shorelines; If you can leverage the power of nature to support human flourishing, that’s a nature-based solution.
Nature-based solutions harness the ability of natural systems to deliver economic and social benefits. They are critical tools to mitigate the impacts of climate change and environmental breakdown brought on by human activity, while sustaining economic development and protecting vital services provided by ecosystems.
The adaptability and relative resilience of nature-based solutions makes them frequently superior to engineered solutions from a cost-benefit perspective over time, even though they can be somewhat more expensive to implement.
Mangrove forests are an example of a nature-based solution for coastal communities seeking protection from the impacts of strong storms and sea-level rise. A traditional engineered solution might be the construction of an artificial levee to block storm surges. But mangrove forests act as a natural first line of defence by reducing the strength of strong waves. And whereas a levee can break and require rebuilding, a mangrove forest is self-regenerating. They offer added benefits including providing nurseries for a variety of fish populations and acting as carbon sinks, thereby helping to combat climate change.
Nature-based solutions: Methods for achieving sustainable development goals that harness the ability of natural systems to deliver economic, social, and environmental benefits.
Why are nature-based solutions so vital?
Assessing the economic value of natural systems and the benefits of nature-based solutions are part of a necessary, fundamental change in how we measure value creation as a whole. Gross domestic product (GDP) has long been the main indicator used to assess economic progress but fails to take environmental degradation into account. This knowledge needs to go beyond optimizing short-term economic profits to examining the positive and negative side effects of investments on their stakeholders.
Watch Karen Sack, Executive Director of ORRAA, explain how nature is the world’s most incredible entrepreneur – and how investing in nature-based solutions can be cost-effective while delivering economic and social benefits.
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Examples of nature-based solutions
The U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, offers a list of nature-based solutions that can be applied at the neighbourhood or site scale, to watersheds or at the landscape scale, and to coastal communities. They offer benefits ranging from storm resilience and water conservation to managing urban heat and pollution. They include:
Green roofs reduce rainwater runoff and energy costs for cooling buildings.
Green streets and tree canopy help combat urban heat by shading pavement, and also soak up carbon and combat air pollution.
Oyster reefs protect coasts from strong waves, provide food to local species, and filter the water.
- Coastal wetlands reduce flooding, improve water quality and support healthy ecosystems.
- Permeable pavement allows more rainwater to soak into the ground.
The triple dividend of nature-based solutions1
Avoid losses: Climate-resilient infrastructure adds 3% to upfront expenses but has a 4:1 benefit-cost ratio. USD 60 trillion in infrastructure investments are expected worldwide between 2020 and 2030.
Social and environmental benefits: Mangrove forests prevent USD 80 billion in annual flood losses and safeguard 18 million people. They contribute USD 40-50 billion each year in non-market benefits such as fishery, forestry, and recreation.
Economic benefits: Protecting infrastructure and communities, for instance by reducing flood risks in urban areas, saves costs, boost security, and makes investments more practical.
More on nature-based solutions
Nature-based solutions and the climate crisis
Our CIO Special discusses the economic and environmental value of nature-based solutions and the importance of natural assets in delivering ecosystem services.
Mangroves and why they need protection
Our CIO Special explores mangroves as a nature-based solution and how they may help mitigate the effects of climate change.
Corals: the rainsforests of the sea
An introductory guide to global threats facing corals and some insights on nature-based solutions to address climate impacts.
Learn more about ESG
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Environmental factors refer to the impact that a company has on the natural environment.
Social: the 'S' in ESG
Social factors are those that affect people – whether employees, customers or society at large.
Governance: the 'G' in ESG
Governance factors relate to whether a company manages its business in a responsible way.
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